Study : The Impact of Urban Configuration Types on Urban Heat Islands, Air Pollution, CO₂ Emissions, and Mortality in Europe: A Data Science Approach

This comprehensive study examines how different urban configuration types across 919 European cities influence environmental factors such as urban heat islands (UHIs), air pollution, CO₂ emissions, and mortality rates. Utilizing data science techniques, including Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and k-means clustering, the researchers identified four distinct urban typologies:

1. Compact High-Density Cities: Characterized by small size, high population density, and limited green spaces.

2. Open Low-Rise Medium-Density Cities: Small to medium-sized cities with moderate population density and green space availability.

3. Open Low-Rise Low-Density Cities: Small to medium-sized cities with low population density and limited green spaces.

4. Green Low-Density Cities: Large cities with low population density, abundant green spaces, and extensive cycleways.

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